在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句,包括作表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句。
(1)表语从句
就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句。引导表语从句的连接除与引导主语从句的连接词外,还有as if, as though.如:
It looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。
The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 问题是他能否单独做这件事。
注意:要区分以下句式:
1. that’s why+结果;that’s because+原因。2. the reason why /for…is that…He is absent. That’s because he is ill. 他缺席,这是因为他生病了。
The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 他缺席的原因是他生病了。
(2)主语从句
就是在复合句中作主语的从句。主语从句常用that, whom, whose,whether, who, what, which, when, whatever,where, how, why, whoever等引导。如:
Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否来还是问题。
That China is a great socialist country is well known. 众所周知,中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。
注:为避免头重脚轻,使句子平衡,常用it作形式主语,而将主语从句后置。如上述第二例常说成:
It is well known that China is a great socialist country.
但是,由连接代词what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句一般不能用形式主语。
(3)同位语从句
就是在句中作同位语的从句。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, question, doubt, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名词的后面,说明这些词的具体内容或含义。同位语从句大多由that引导,也可由whether, where, how, when, why等引导,但不能由which引导。如:
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这们一问题。
I have no idea when he will set out. 我不知他什么时候出发。
注:有时,同位语从句并不紧跟在它所说明的词的后面。如:
The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing. 真相终于大白了,他原来是一只披羊皮的狼。
(4)宾语从句
就是在复合句中作宾语的从句。引导这宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词基本相同。如:
They didn’t say which they wanted. 他们没有说他们想要哪一个。
I was surprised at what has happened.我对发生的事感到惊讶。
注意:当think, believe, suppose等的疑问式后面跟连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句时,习惯上将这些连接词置于句首,即“连接代/副词+do you think /believe /expect+宾语从句的其余部分?”如:
What do you suppose you will do after school? 你想放学后干什么?
大家平时不要单看语法书,这样会比较无聊,而且一下子要记太多是会比较难,而且容易混淆,把语法放到距离用起来,这样会容易很多。
今天就和大家就分享到这,祝各位愉快!
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