Ask & Learn闻问切英语口语:End weight principle
早前本栏讨论关系从句在句子的位置时,提到英语不习惯用单字动词来结束一句长句子。文章刊出后,舍弟指出英语修辞里有一项原则叫 "end weight principle",与之前所说有相似之处。
根据 end weight principle,英语句子都偏向把分量重(weight)的部分放在句子的后方,以方便理解。所谓「分量」,是指从句或短语的长度或所包含的信息,例如:红灯亮着的时候过马路很危险。这句话用英语说出来有两个表达方式:
(1) Crossing the road when the red light is on is dangerous.
(2) It is dangerous to cross the road when the red light is on.
这两句在文法上都正确,但第一句不符合 end weight principle:因为 crossing the road when the red light is on 比 dangerous 长度较长、分量较重,因此一般人都用第二种说法。
回到之前讨论的句子,我们就明白为什么动词反而放在关系从句前面了:
Yet sometimes problems arise that require a newborn to be hospitalised.
Unfortunately, various technical issues arise that make the task much more difficult.
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